When and why did the earliest Jewish residents arrive in Philadelphia? What led the Rosenbach brothers to collect early American Judaica and why does the museum have a continuing collecting interest in the Gratz family of Philadelphia? From life-sized portraits to portrait miniatures, and from a silver tankard with a later engraving to a pocket almanac with mysterious inscriptions, the objects we examine will reveal more about Philadelphia’s early Jewish population and the collectors who amassed these artifacts.